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Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is an American politician and civil rights lawyer who served as the 71st Governor of Massachusetts from 2007 to 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, Patrick served as the United States Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division under President Bill Clinton. He was first elected in 2006, succeeding Mitt Romney who chose not to run, and re-elected in 2010. He is the first (and, currently, the only) African-American to have served as Governor of Massachusetts. Born to and raised by a single mother on the South Side of Chicago, Patrick earned a scholarship to Milton Academy in Massachusetts in the eighth grade. He went on to attend Harvard College and Harvard Law School, where he was President of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau. After graduating, he practiced law with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund and later joined a Boston law firm, where he was named a partner at age 34. In 1994, President Bill Clinton appointed him as the United States Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice, where he worked on issues including racial profiling and police misconduct. Under his governorship, Patrick oversaw the implementation of the state's 2006 health care reform program which had been enacted under Mitt Romney, increased funding to education and life sciences, won a federal Race to the Top education grant, passed an overhaul of governance of the state transportation function, signing a law to create the Massachusetts Department of Transportation, increased the state sales tax from 5% to 6.25%, and raised the state's minimum wage from $8 per hour to $11 per hour by 2017. Under Patrick, Massachusetts joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the planned introduction of casinos in Massachusetts. His second term began on January 6, 2011, and in an interview with ''The Boston Globe'', Patrick declared he would not seek re-election in 2014. ==Early life and education== Patrick was born on July 31, 1956 in the South Side of Chicago, where his family resided in a two-bedroom apartment in the Robert Taylor Homes' housing projects. Patrick was born to his mother, Emily Mae (née Wintersmith), and his father, Laurdine "Pat" Patrick, a jazz musician in Sun Ra's band. In 1959, Patrick's father abandoned their family in order to play music in New York City〔("Beating odds, a uniter rose from Chicago's tough side" ), ''The Boston Globe'', May 24, 2006〕 and because he had fathered a daughter, La'Shon Anthony, by another woman.〔Jacobs, Sally. (Patrick shaped by father's absence. ) ''The Boston Globe'', March 25, 2007〕 Deval reportedly had a strained relationship with his father, who opposed his choice of high school, but they eventually reconciled.〔 Patrick was raised by his mother, who traces her roots to American slaves in the American South, in the state of Kentucky.〔Reitwiesner, William Addams. (Ancestry of Deval Patrick )〕 The family spent many months living on welfare. While Patrick was in middle school, one of his teachers referred him to ''A Better Chance'', a national non-profit organization for identifying, recruiting and developing leaders among academically gifted minority students, which enabled him to attend Milton Academy in Milton, Massachusetts.〔Scott Helman. ("Beating odds, a uniter rose from Chicago's tough side" ), ''The Boston Globe'', May 24, 2006〕 Patrick graduated from Milton Academy in 1974 and went on to attend college, the first in his family.〔 He graduated from Harvard College, where he was a member of the Fly Club, with a Bachelor of Arts ''cum laude''〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?r110:S28FE7-0033: )〕 in English and American literature in 1978. He then spent a year working with the United Nations in Africa. In 1979, Patrick returned to the United States and enrolled at Harvard Law School. While in law school, Patrick was elected president of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau, where he first worked defending poor families in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. At Harvard, Patrick won "Best Oralist" in the prestigious Ames Moot Court Competition in 1981.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About the BSA )〕 Patrick graduated from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor ''cum laude''〔 in 1982. He proceeded to fail the State Bar of California exam twice before passing on his third try. Patrick then served as a law clerk to Judge Stephen Reinhardt on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit for one year. In 1983, he joined the staff of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund (LDF), where he worked on death penalty and voting rights cases.〔 While at LDF, he met Bill Clinton, the then Governor of Arkansas, when he sued Clinton in a voting case.〔Kirk Johnson. ("The 2006 Elections: Governors; Democrats Oust G.O.P. In Governing Six States" ), ''The New York Times'', November 8, 2006.〕 In 1986, he joined the Boston law firm of Hill & Barlow and was named partner in 1990, at the age of 34.〔 While at Hill & Barlow he managed high-profile engagements such as acting as Desiree Washington's attorney in her civil lawsuit against Mike Tyson. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Deval Patrick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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